Refine your search
Collections
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Sharma, Anjali
- Increased xylanase activity in Aspergillus niger through mutation
Abstract Views :170 |
PDF Views:79
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly 243 123, India
2 Department of Plant Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243 006, India
1 Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly 243 123, India
2 Department of Plant Sciences, MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243 006, India
Source
Current Science, Vol 121, No 7 (2021), Pagination: 966-968Abstract
Aspergillus niger is used for xylanase production on agricultural waste as substrate under broth culture. Rice straw and sugarcane bagasse have been the most potential substrate for xylanase production. Two different mutagens were used: UV radiation for different time durations and 5-bromouracil of different concentrations. Mutants so formed were selected on the basis of morphological and colony characteristics. Selected mutants were checked for their stability, requirement of amino acid and xylanase activity. Tested mutants showed 4-fold increase in xylanase activity from wild typeKeywords
Agricultural waste, mutation, rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, xylanaseReferences
- Pathak, S. S., Sandhu, S. S. and Rajak, R. C. Mutation studies on fungal glucoamylase: a review. Int. J. Pharma Bio. Sci., 2005, 5, 297–308.
- Polizeli, M. L. T. M. et al., Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2005, 67, 577–591.
- Solimon, H. M., Sherief, A. D. A. and Tanash. A. B. E. L., Production of xylanase by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viridae using some agricultural residues. Int. J. Agric. Res., 2012, 7(1), 46–57.
- Bajpai, P., Application of enzymes in the pulp and paper industry. Biotechnol. Prog., 1999, 15, 147–157.
- Angayarknni, J., Palaniswamy, M., Pradeep, B. V. and Swaminathan, K., Biochemical substitution of fungal xylanases for prebleaching of hardwood kraft pulp. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2006, 5, 9291–9296.
- Polizeli, M. L. T. M., Rizzatti, A. C. S., Terenzi, H. F., Jorge, J. A. and Amorium, D. S., Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2005, 67, 577–591.
- Betini, J. H. A., Michelin, M., Peixoto-Nogueira, S. C., Jorge, J. A., Terenzi, H. F. and Polizeli, M. L. T. M., Xylanases from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus niveus and Aspergillus ochraceus produced under solid-state fermentation and their application in cellulose pulp bleaching; Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng., 2009, 32, 819– 824.
- Waites, M. J., Morgan, N. L., John, S. R. and Higton, G., Industrial Microbiology – An Introduction, Wiley Blackwell Publishing, 2002.
- Agrawal, R., Deepika, N. U. and Joseph, R., Strain improvement of Aspergillus sp. and Penecilllium sp. by induced mutation for biotransformation of alpha penine to verbinol. Biotechnol. Bioenerg., 1999, 63, 249–252.
- Desai, D. I. and Iyer, B. D., Utilization of corn cob waste for cellulase-free xylanase production by Aspergillus niger DX-23: medium optimization and strain improvement. Waste Biomass Valorization, 2017, 8, 103–113.
- Rowlands, R. T., Industrial strain improvement: mutagenesis and random screening procedure. Enzy. Microb. Technol., 1984, 6, 3–10.
- Miller, G. L., Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Am. Chem. Soc. Anal. Chem., 1959, 31(3), 426–428.
- Khan, A., Tremblay, D. and Le Duy, Assay of xylanase and xylosidase activities in bacterial and fungal cultures. Enzyme Microbiol. Technol., 1986, 8, 373–377.
- Romanowska, I., Polak, J. and Bieleeki, S., Isolation and properties of Aspergillus niger IBT-90 xylanase for bakery. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2006, 69, 665–671.
- Kango, N., Agrawal, S. C. and Jain, P. C., Xylanase production by thermophilic fungi from soil and decomposing organic matter. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Sustain. Develop., 2004, B-13, 293–299.
- Radha, S., Himakiran Babu, R., Sridevi, A., Prasad, N. B. L. and Narasimha, G., Development of mutant fungal strains of Aspergillus niger for enhanced production of acid protease in submerged and solid state fermentation. Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 2012, 2(5), 1517–1528.
- Kirimura, K., Yagughi, T. and Usami, S., Intraspecific protoplast fusion of citric acid producing strains of Aspergillus niger. J. Ferment. Technol., 1986, 6, 473–479.
- Elbouami, F., Isolation and regeneration of protoplasts from mycelium of Fusarium solani. Afr. Crop Sci. J., 2001, 9(2), 351–358.
- Comparative Study of Pigments Used in 16th–17th Century CE Tempera Mural Art from Malayadipatti and Adiyamankottai Temple, Tamil Nadu, India
Abstract Views :47 |
PDF Views:36
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Conservation, National Museum Institute, Janpath, New Delhi 110 011, IN
2 Department of Tourism Administration, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar 431 004, IN
3 Conservation Research Laboratory, Ajanta Caves, Archaeological Survey of India, Padmapani Bhawan, Dr BAMU Campus, Aurangabad 431 004, IN
4 Department of Advanced Instrumental Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, IN
1 Department of Conservation, National Museum Institute, Janpath, New Delhi 110 011, IN
2 Department of Tourism Administration, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar 431 004, IN
3 Conservation Research Laboratory, Ajanta Caves, Archaeological Survey of India, Padmapani Bhawan, Dr BAMU Campus, Aurangabad 431 004, IN
4 Department of Advanced Instrumental Research Facility, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110 067, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 125, No 8 (2023), Pagination: 853-864Abstract
Eight micro-samples from mural paintings of Malayadipatti and Adiyamankottai temples in Tamil Nadu, India were studied using binocular microscopy, thin film crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy to understand the original constituent materials of the pigments, binders and the methods of painting. Red paint had a mixture of cinnabar and hematite. The yellow colour resulted from orpiment. Orange hues were produced a mixture of orpiment and hematite. Grey colour was produced by a mixture of calcium carbonate and manganese dioxide. Black tones were prepared primarily using lamp black. The minerals used in both the temples were nearly identical. The appearance of proteinaceous materials/oils as a binding medium in all samples indicated the use of a tempera wall painting technique. These findings help improve our understanding of the methods and materials used in mural arts and serve as a guide for their future restoration.Keywords
Art Restoration, Binders, Mural Paintings, Pigments.References
- https://www.trawell.in/tamilnadu/tiruchirappalli/malayadipatti-rock-cut-temples (accessed on 25 March 2021).
- Saxena, S., Malayadipatti – the hill of the holy. Puratattva, 2011; https://puratattva.in/2011/01/08/maliyadipatti-the-hill-of-the-holy-25 (accessed on 25 March 2021).
- https://tamilnadu-favtourism.blogspot.com/2015/11/chenraya-perumal-temple-dharmapuri.html (accessed on 25 March 2021).
- https://travel.bhushavali.com/2009/12/chennaraya-perumal-temple-dharmapuri_19.html (accessed on 28 March 2021).
- Sivaramamurti, C., South Indian Paintings, National Museum, 1968. Original from, the University of Michigan, Digitized, 1 July 2011, ISBN: 8123000529, 9788123000527.
- Kannan, R. and Balasubramanian, R., Tiruppudaimarudur Murals and Wood Carvings: Documentation of the Murals and Wood Carvings in the Narumpoonathaswami Temple, Tiruppudaimarudur. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, New series, general section, 2014.
- Lal, B. B., Conservation of Wall Paintings in India, Indian Association for the Study of Conservation of Cultural Property, New Delhi, India, 1996.
- Gariola, T. R., Monuments: Examples of the preservation of monuments in India. The Conservation of Cultural Property with Special Reference to Tropical Conditions, Museums and Monuments. No. 11, UNESCO, Paris, 1968, pp. 139–152.
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Tamil_Nadu#:~:text=Under-the %5BKoppen climate classification,-humid to semi-arid (accessed on 20 January 2021).
- Ramasamy Jayamurugan, Kumaravel, B., Palanivelraja, S. and Chockalingam, M. P., Influence of temperature, relative humidity and seasonal variability on ambient air quality in a coastal urban area. Int. J. Atmos. Sci., 2013, 2013, 7; https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/264046.
- Kanth, A. P. and Singh, M. R., Spectroscopic and chromatographic investigation of the wall painted surfaces of an 18th century Indian temple, New Delhi. Vib. Spectrosc., 2019, 104, 102947; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2019.102947.
- Apostolaki, C., Perdikatsis, V., Repuskou, E., Brecoulaki, H. and Lepinski, S., Analysis of Roman wall paintings from ancient Corinth/Greece. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Mineral Resources, Management and Environmental Geotechnology, Hania, 2006, pp. 729–734.
- Singh, M., Studies on weathering of Kailasanatha Temple, Kancheepuram. Curr. Sci., 1993, 64(8), 559–565.
- Singh, M., Analysis and characterization of Charminar lime plaster. Curr. Sci., 1993, 64(10),760–764.
- Subbaraman, S., Conservation of mural paintings. Curr. Sci., 1993, 64(10), 736–753.
- dos Santos, L. M. et al., Chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the pigments of archaeological rupestrian paintings from the Salão dos Índios site, in Piauí, Brazil. J. Archaeol. Sci. Rep., 2018, 18, 792–797.
- Tomasini, E., Rodríguez, D. C., Gomez, B. A., de Faria, D. L. A., Landa, C. R., Siracusano, G. and Maier, M. S., A multi-analytical investigation of the materials and painting technique of a wall painting from the church of Copacabana de Andamarca (Bolivia). Microchem. J., 2016, 128, 172–180.
- Frost, R. L., Edwards, H. G. M., Duong, L., Kloprogge, J. T. and Martens, W. N., Raman spectroscopic and SEM study of cinnabar from Herod’s palace and its likely origin. Analyst, 2002, 127, 293–296.
- Singh, M., Kumar, S. V., Waghmare, S. A. and Sabale, P. D., Aragonite–vaterite–calcite: polymorphs of CaCO3 in 7th century CE lime plasters of Alampur group of temples, India. Constr. Build. Mater., 2016, 112, 386–397.
- Trueman, E. R., Occurrence of strontium in molluscan shells. Nature, 1944, 153, 142.
- Yin, P., IR-spectroscopic investigations of the kinetics of calcium carbonate precipitation, 2016, pp. 21–23; doi:10.1016/j.materres-bull.2013.01.048,
- Dana, J. D. and Brush, G. J., Claudetite. In A System of Mineralogy, John Wiley, New York, 1868, 5th edn, p. 796.
- Tomasini, E. P. et al., Characterization of pigments and binders in a mural painting from the Andean church of San Andrés de Pachama (northernmost of Chile). Herit. Sci., 2018, 6, 1–12.
- Bersani, D. et al., An integrated multi-analytical approach to the study of the dome wall paintings by Correggio in Parma cathedral. Microchem. J., 2014, 114, 80–88.
- Sepúlveda, M., Gutiérrez, S., Vallette, M. C., Standen, V. G., Arriaza, B. T. and Cárcamo-Vega, J. J., Micro-Raman spectral identification of manganese oxides black pigments in an archaeological context in northern Chile. Herit. Sci., 2015, 3, 1–6.
- Gebremariam, K. F., Kvittingen, L. and Nicholson, D. G., Multi-analytical investigation into painting materials and techniques: the wall paintings of Abuna Yemata Guh church. Herit. Sci., 2016, 4, 1–14.
- Sultan, S., Kareem, K., He, L. and Simon, S., Identification of the authenticity of pigments in ancient polychromed artworks of China. Anal. Methods, 2017, 9, 814–825.
- Lluveras-Tenorio, A. et al., A multi-analytical characterization of artists’ carbon-based black pigments. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2019, 138, 3287–3299.
- Winter, J., The characterization of pigments based on carbon. Stud. Conserv., 1983, 28, 49–66.
- Spring, M., Ricci, C., Peggie, D. A. and Kazarian, S. G., ATR-FTIR imaging for the analysis of organic materials in paint cross sections: case studies on paint samples from the National Gallery, London. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2008, 392, 37–45.
- Fiorillo, F., Fiorentino, S., Montanari, M., Monaco, C. R., Del Bianco, A. and Vandini, M., Learning from the past, intervening in the present: the role of conservation science in the challenging restoration of the wall painting Marriage at Cana by Luca Longhi (Ravenna, Italy). Herit. Sci., 2020, 8, 1–13.
- Shivakumar, M. and Selvaraj, T., A scientific study on the role of organic lime mortars of Padmanabhapuram Palace, Thuckalay, Tamil Nadu, India. Eur. Phys. J. Plus., 2020, 135, 1–23.
- Thirumalini, S., Ravi, R. and Rajesh, M., Experimental investigation on physical and mechanical properties of lime mortar: effect of organic addition. J. Cult. Herit., 2018, 31, 97–104.
- Pradeep, S. and Selvaraj, T., Identification of bio-minerals and their origin in lime mortars of ancient monument: Thanjavur Palace. Int. J. Archit. Herit., 2019, 15, 1–11; doi:10.1080/15583058.2019.1623341.
- Franceschi, E. and Locardi, F., Strontium, a new marker of the origin of gypsum in cultural heritage? J. Cult. Herit., 2014, 15, 522–527.